Business Strategy of Human Resource Planning-Samples for Students

Question: Talk about the difficulties that are presented by globalization and the progressions that ought to be brought into training in the field of HR arranging. Answer: Presentation Human Resource Planning is fundamentally planned for satisfying targets comparable to labor prerequisite. It helps in preparing enlisted assets for the creation of an association. Human asset arranging intends to connect the business technique with that of the tasks of an association. It guarantees that the exercises of the association are completed in a smooth way and it initiates individuals with the goal that the targets of the association can be figured it out. It goes about as a device that can help in guaranteeing future accessibility according to labor so as to effectively complete the exercises of the association (Cummings Worley, 2014). Human Resource Planning is of vital significance as it can help in managing the outside condition factors. It initiates proficient and capable work force and selects the correct individuals who can effectively contribute for the improvement of the association. Human asset arranging is the procedure that guarantees that certified people are en listed in the association who can address the issues of big business and give fulfillment to people (Sparrow, Brewster Chung, 2016). This article talks about the difficulties corresponding to work request and flexibly and how situation arranging can assist the HR with dealing with the outside changes viably comparable to Australian business. Changes brought by innovation and its suggestions for HR arranging Enormous scope innovative improvements are occurring by virtue of globalization and it decreases the interest of incompetent work. This is one of the significant dangers that is presented because of globalization. Direct outside venture just serves the profoundly talented laborers and don't make a big deal about modest specialist. Conventional nature according to work has experienced a tremendous change by virtue of advances made in the field of innovation (Sparrow, Brewster Chung, 2016). It has made degree for creative occupations that favor the individuals who are exceptionally specific. There is deficiency of new position openings and disintegration according to genuine pay rate because of globalization on account of creating economies. The creating economies couldn't adjust with the new innovations and as an outcome they were battling inferable from globalization (Kavanagh, Johnson, 2017). The work condition being actualized will have negative ramifications on monetary developmen t in creating nations inside which kid work exists. Globalization will cause the assembling creating nations to receive the reward of exchange progression and a little offer will go to the horticultural delivering nations. Strategy comparable to basic alteration like that of privatization implies that joblessness will increment in Australia since privatization is commonly joined by decrease according to request of work (Brotchie et al., 2017). Segment Changes and its impact on Human Resources Planning Retirement of the representative of an association has ramifications for the association. Retirement clears a path for a youngster to step into the association when an old worker ventures down from the association. Experience helps in enhancing the information and ranges of abilities of an individual and the retirement of an old worker therefore represents a test for the development and notoriety of an association. Modest number of retirement can impact the association and produces unfavorable outcomes for the association by virtue of loss of information alongside decrease of toughness corresponding to hierarchical worth (Hakansson, 2015). A zone that is significant for the association is comparable to loss of picked up information that happens when a representative resigns. The job of HR arranging is to discover how the fortify the procedure of information move from those workers who are getting ready to resign to that of the more youthful representatives. The information move can b e guaranteed by the valuation for the information on workers who are moving toward the retirement age. An atmosphere of common regard alongside trust ought to be worked among the gatherings and hierarchical conditions ought to be made by the human asset arranging so it can help the representatives inside the association to learn and develop (Tate et al., 2014). Another test according to HR arranging in Australia is corresponding to making a motivator framework that empowers the workers of more established age to remain inspired inside the association. The procedures that are utilized for propelling the senior individuals contrast from that of the youthful workers inside an association. The human asset arranging regularly doesn't take perception of the way that requirements and desires for the senior representatives experience change with the progression of time (Amer, Daim Jetter, 2013). New apparatuses ought to be created by the human asset the executives of Australia that would be fitting for the current component of the representatives. Progression Planning in Human Resources A substitution graph contains the rundown of all basic activity jobs inside an organization and the representatives who are situated in different jobs and their competency that can end up being valuable if there should arise an occurrence of future progression arranging. The representatives who have the applicable ranges of abilities alongside information for the specific position are labeled and in this specific strategy the potential substitution are found in the association (Wolf Floyd, 2017). The subtleties of all the expected competitors alongside that of their age, aptitudes and experience can be found in the substitution diagram. A serious investigation is completed as to the experience and range of abilities of the representatives and the up-and-comers who can best serve the specific position are then chosen. An association would thus be able to utilize progression arranging that can help in the distinguishing proof of inner KSAs (Knowledge, Skills and Abilities). Accomplishm ent at one level inside the association outline doesn't really mean accomplishment at the more significant levels. The choices identified with worker determination ought to be founded on who can play out the best employment. In this time of globalization where there is such an extensive amount rivalry inside substitution graph ends up being ineffectual in the field of determination of the best up-and-comer (Crettenden et al., 2014). The activity positions at the more significant level are progressively dependable ones and they are subjectively not the same as those at the lower level. Individuals ought to be chosen and created based on their subjective contrasts. In the situation of progression arranging, individuals will in general get advanced till they arrive at a level where they can't address the activity difficulties. The cutting edge period of globalization is amazingly serious and enrolling individuals to situate who don't have the range of abilities and capability to legiti mize their position and convey effective execution can destroy the notoriety of the association by reducing the development of the organization (Armstrong Taylor, 2014). Situation Planning in Human Resources Human asset arranging is worried about the use of devices that can positively affect the lifestyle of the hierarchical specialists. Situation arranging can go about as a powerful instrument that helps in considering conceivable prospects and grasp diverse perspective with respect to the future that can end up being of gigantic advantage for HR arranging in an association. They consider how the future can look like and this can be utilized as a vital apparatus for the advancement of the association. Situation arranging can help the associations in Australia to use its HR improvement powers that can end up being valuable for molding the matter of the association. The situations can end up being valuable for the appraisal of things to come of the organization and can render helpful assistance in the field of HR arranging (Cummings Worley, 2014). Situation Planning can go about as a reasonable option in contrast to that of key arranging as it can help in staying away from the traps corre sponding to expectation. Situation arranging can help in testing the impression of individual from association by the assistance of investigation of stories that covers a wide range of expected results. Situation arranging is the measuring of elective future condition inside which choices with respect to future can be happened in Australian business so as to change the procedure of current reasoning that can help in improving the dynamic of the association. Situation Planning is useful in making numerous, disparate stories with respect to what's to come. The situations ought to be down to earth put together and based with respect to this present reality setting. It includes outside-in-thinking and the HR office should take a gander at the outer factor that has an impact available and assets of the association. Homogeneous gatherings can end up being one-sided and subsequently ineffectual for HR arranging (Kavanagh, Johnson, 2017). The HR arranging should cause note of different voices with the goal that the association to can make anticipating its premise and develop. The administrative work system ought to be thought of while doing the HR arranging. Numerous individuals these days take on occupations where they carry on like a self employed entity when contrasted with that of the representative. Redistributing provokes the conventional thoughts according to work and this outcome in unforeseen deciding of the plans as in such sort of a case the bogus suspicions gets uncovered rather late (Crettenden et al., 2014). Globalization especially free development comparable to the products is a significant pattern on the planet anyway its way is regularly inconsistent. Innovation has significantly changed the idea of work and it has changed the manner in which business works. It will make divisions between that of data rich and that of data poor. The associations work w

Glass Castle Essay Essay Example

Glass Castle Essay In the book â€Å"The Glass Castle† by Jeannette Walls destitution goes further than simply low salary. Indeed, even while Jeannette’s guardians had cash coming in, they battled to help their family appropriately. They went hungry, had no power, or even indoor pipes, so this proposes the inquiry would poverty be able to be brought about by something beyond low pay? Would individuals really like to live in destitution? For Jeannette’s guardians it sure appears that way. Rex Walls had experienced childhood in a neediness stricken town of Welch. He experienced childhood in â€Å"big worn house† on the â€Å"downhill side of the street† (Walls 130). It possessed an aroma like â€Å"mold and cigarettes and unwashed laundry† (Walls 131). Anyway Rose Mary Walls experienced childhood in an exceptionally organized home in Texas where her mom caused her to adhere to rules and go to school classes to turn into an instructor. So when Rose Mary grew up and moved away she needed to carry on with an actual existence inverse of what her mom needed, she turned into a free soul. When then again destitution was all Rex had ever known. I accept this is the central point that added to the Walls’ family being in destitution. Other than experiencing childhood in a neediness stricken home and town Rex additionally grew up with a mother who was an Alcoholic. We locate this out when Jeannette enlightens us regarding the time she initially met Erma and she â€Å" pulled a container of bourbon from the pocket of her housedress† (dividers 131). She likewise discusses how she could smell bourbon on her Uncle Stanley’s breath the first occasion when he embraced her. This was the existence Rex Walls was familiar with thus along these lines he was alright with it. He didn't see anything amiss with taking cash from his family to go squander in on liquor since he in every case some how gotten through for them. We will compose a custom exposition test on Glass Castle Essay explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Glass Castle Essay explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Glass Castle Essay explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The ideal case of this is when Rose Mary left for the mid year for school courses and left Jeanette responsible for the cash. The initial not many weeks worked out in a good way and Jeanette had figured out how to make a financial plan and keep food on the table, at that point Rex had approached her for cash. First it was only five dollars, at that point another five, and afterward it was twenty. Jeanette was shocked by this and asked him for what good reason he required the twenty dollars to which he answered â€Å"Goddammit, since when do I need to account for myself to my kids? I need cash to bring in cash. I’ll pay you back†¦ Have I at any point left you down? (Dividers 210), and afterward that Saturday in the wake of getting his little girl through torment of being around a flushed, he took care of her. Rex albeit an insightful man was a tanked and didn’t realize how to accommodate his family effectively which implied he was continually allowing them to down. Then again Rose Mary grew up with adoring guardians in a pleasant house with structure, however she loathed that life and turned into a free soul, dependent on the adrenaline Rex brought her. Rose Mary accepted youngsters ought not be troubled with bunches of rules and limitations. She was an exceptionally narrow minded lady who might decline to work since she needed to turn into a craftsman. Rose Mary was a confirmed educator and could without much of a stretch get work in the towns which the Wall’s had lived in light of the fact that it was hard to track down instructors that had really moved on from school. In any event, when Rose Mary would come around and take a showing work â€Å"she had issues sorting out desk work and training her students†, and â€Å"at least one morning seven days she’d pitch a fit and decline to go to work† (Walls 196). She’d in the long run quit her place of employment and the Wall’s by and by would not have any cash coming in with the exception of when Rex performed unspecialized temp jobs. The existence the Walls kids set up with was not the way the needed to live. When Lori graduated secondary school she moved to New York City. At that point Jeanette’s senior year she moved in with Lori. Brian followed Jeanette’s strides, and when Maureen was just twelve she moved in with Lori. While the children were improving lives for themselves their folks had chosen to move to New York also yet stay destitute and in neediness. They rested on park seats and in hedges. They would not go to covers since life was all the more intriguing the manner in which they lived it. They in the long run moved into a deserted loft where others enjoyed them lived, and Maureen moved in. After Rex passed on, Rose Mary despite everything decided to carry on with an existence of neediness. A great many people when they hear the word destitution they consider low salary families, individuals who go to destitute asylums, individuals who work yet don't make enough, or the individuals who can't get a new line of work, however Rex and Rose Mary give us that there can be more to it than simply low pay. They got a kick out of the chance to continually be on their toes, they preferred being totally free and to consistently be on the run. Rex’s liquor enslavement and Rose Mary’s reluctance to work, and her tenacity to not sell anything she had acquired from her mom removed valuable cash that could have went to help their family. This book shows that neediness can be cause by something beyond low pay. Word Count: 881

Speaking in MITese

Speaking in MITese Almost every time I return home from MIT, I find myself mentally translating certain MIT concepts or words or course numbers when Im talking to my parents or friends. Things like I just got back from my 5.112 lecture in 10-250 or I have three psets due every week this semester and its really hosing or even Im doing a UROP in Course 7 dont mean much to people whove never been exposed to MIT. To MIT students, those words and abbreviations and numbers are part and parcel of our culture, with unambiguous and precise meanings. But to my friends and even, to some extent, to my parents, its like Im talking a foreign language speaking in MITese. But what else would you expect from a school where virtually everything, from the buildings to the academic buildings, is numbered? One reason Im writing this entry is to help bridge the gap between MITese and regular English. And beyond that, I also want to showcase this phenomenon of speaking in MITese, because I personally feel its one of MITs most interesting and yet also most understated features. Keep in mind that this guide is just an introduction; I chose to focus on the aspects of MITese that are (in my opinion) universal across campus and of particular interest to prospective students and incoming freshmen. More comprehensive guides do exist, in both printed form and online, and I assure any aspiring scholars of MITese that you will find plenty of material to interest you. Advanced scholars may also wish to pursue the Jargon File or MITs Acronym Wiki. With that said, enjoy this glimpse into the wonderful if sometimes confusing world of MITese! The Essentials Athena (n.) The MIT campus-wide, Unix-based computing environment; appropriately named after the Greek goddess of wisdom. beaver (n.) MITs mascot, chief engineer of the animal kingdom. Brass Rat (n.) A conspicuous hunk of gold that most MIT students and alums wear on a finger; colloquial name for MITs famous class ring, whose design is unique to each class. cruft (n.) (1) Old, mostly-useless junk. Being able to take cruft and make it work again, or do something new and useful, is a badge of honor and a prized skill. (2) Term for alumni who remain socially active at MIT. Dorm Rush (n.) See REX. Engineers (n.) The proper nickname for MITs 41 varsity sports teams. FSILG (n.) Catch-all term for MITs 27 fraternities, 6 sororities, and 4 independent living groups. hack (n.) (1) A clever trick or prank designed to amuse and intrigue people. Examples range from putting a firetruck on the Great Dome to subtly sabotaging the Harvard-Yale football game to many more. (2) An inelegant shortcut to get something done quickly, such as in a computer program. hack (v). (1) To explore ordinarily inaccessible or unknown parts of the MIT campus. (2) hacker (n.) (1) One who hacks. (2) One who pulls hacks. (3) One who goes hacking. Harvard Bridge (n.) The Mass Ave bridge from MIT to Boston, which measures 364.4 Smoots plus 1 ear in length. Hell (n.) Rather less affectionate name for MIT. hosed (adj.) Flooded with work, as if attempting to drink from a firehose IAP (n.) Independent Activities Period. The month of January at MIT, and one of the best times to be on campus. IHTFP (expl.) (1) I Hate This F***ing Place. (2) I Have Truly Found Paradise. (3) A paradoxical sentiment, frequently experienced by MIT students, combining the two previous definitions in a varying ratio. Institute (n.) Affectionate name for MIT. Sometimes shortened to tute. See Hell (n.) living group (n.) Generic term for where you live, encompassing all of MITs dorms and FSILGs. Mass Ave (n.) Massachusetts Avenue, one of Boston and Cambridges main thoroughfares, which also happens to run through the middle of MIT. Mystery Hunt (n.) The (in)famous weekend-long mind-crushing puzzle competition held annually during IAP. pset (n.) Problem set, usually given weekly or biweekly; occasionally written p-set. pset (v.) See tool (v.) punt (v.) (1) To slack off, e.g. by checking Facebook, playing Rock Band, or blogging; often contrasted with tool (v.) (2) To skip something, e.g. a problem set or meeting (Im so hosed with 8.022, Im going to have to punt this 7.013 pset); generally bad things happen to students who punt too often. REX (n.) Residence Exploration; the time during Orientation for incoming freshmen to explore dormitories to discover which living group suits them best. Pronounced like the dinosaur, never are-ee-ex. Smoot An unconventional and nonstandard unit of length equal to the height of Oliver Smoot ’62 (5 feet 7 inches), whose body was once used as a yardstick to measure the Harvard Bridge (n.) Tim (n.) Name given to MITs beaver suit mascot (get it?) tool (v.) To work very diligently on academics; often contrasted with punt (v.) tool (n.) One who tools. UROP (n.) (1) Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program, which cultivates relationships between students and researching faculty; among the first of its kind in the US. (2) A student who participates in research through this program. unit (n.) The basic unit of MIT academic credit. A normal class is worth 12 units at MIT, which indicates that the class should require approximately 12 hours worth of time each week (in the classroom, in the lab, and outside of class). wanking (v.) self-indulgent pontificating or arguing, full of sound and fury but generally signifying (and accomplishing) nothing; the verb form is wank Some Important Places 77 Mass Ave 77 Massachusetts Avenue; the colonnaded primary entrance to campus. Big Sail official name of the steel sculpture by Alexander Calder south of the Green Building; according to MIT myth, it was built to block the force of wind coming off the Charles River towards the The Dot the circle of grass between the Green Building and the Big Sail. Officially (i.e. almost never) called McDermott Court. Great Dome one of MITs most famous landmarks, not to mention a frequent target for hackers and tourists alike; sits above Lobby 10 Green Building tallest building in Cambridge and home of Course 12; Building 54. Infinite Corridor A hallway through the heart of the Institute, stretching from Lobby 7 (west) through Buildings 3, 10, 4, 8 (east). At one point believed to be the longest contiguous corridor in the world, the Infinite is occasionally treated as a highway. Johnson Johnson Athletics Center, where some of your finals will probably be held. Killian Court The large and picturesque courtyard in the middle of main campus, surrounded by Buildings 1-4, Building 10, and Memorial Drive. Location of the freshman class photo and Commencement. Pronounced kill-ee-un. Kresge Auditorium One of MITs nicest auditoriums; the exterior is one-eighth of a perfect sphere. Little Dome baby cousin to the Great Dome; sits above Lobby 7 Lobby 10 First floor of Building 10, opening onto Killian Court Lobby 7 The large, open atrium that houses the famous inscription of MITs mission: Established for advancement and development of science, its application to industry, the arts, agriculture, and commerce. Stata Center Odd, vaguely alien cluster of towers and other structures. Properly, it should be pronounced stay-tuh (rhymes with beta). Building 32. W20 The (Stratton) Student Center, yet another building more commonly referred to by its number than its name. Z-Center Zesiger Center, part of MITs comprehensive athletics complex. 6-120 (six one twenty) lecture hall located near the end of the Infinite Corridor 10-250 (ten two fifty) Newly-renovated lecture hall in the center of campus where many freshman GIRs are taught 26-100 (twenty six one hundred) large lecture hall located just off the Infinite 34-101 (thirty four one oh one) lecture hall with bright green seats 54-100 (fifty four one hundred) main lecture hall in the Green Building; accessed by stairs or the Lower Level in the buildings main elevator Coursework 3.091 Solid-State Chemistry (three oh nine fun) 5.11x Introductory Chemistry 7.01x Introductory Biology 8.01 Physics I: Mechanics 8.02 Physics II: Electricity and Magnetism 18.01 Calculus 1: Single-Variable 18.02 Calculus II: Multi-Variable 18.03 Differential Equations x In this context, used to indicate a family of multiple similar subjects, varying in either difficulty or emphasis. All 7.01x classes are approximately the same difficulty; but 5.112, for example, is harder than 5.111. GIR(s) General Institute Requirement(s). Pronounced gee-eye-our(s). HASS Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences. Pronounced hass (not the word has). REST Restricted Elective in Science and Technology. Pronounced like the word rest. Science Core The set of GIRs consisting of two semesters of calculus, two semesters of physics, one semester of biology, and one semester of chemistry (in MITese, 18.01, 18.02, 8.01, 8.02, 7.01x, and 3.091/5.11x). See also hosed, punt, and tool. Living Groups GRT Graduate Residence Tutor; graduate students who actually live in each dorm on campus and serve a variety of roles, from peacekeepers to mentors to providers of free food. Pronounced gee-are-tee. Housemaster Members of the MIT community who are responsible for providing adult leadership and some extent of oversight to each dorm, in addition to being residents of the dorms community. A dorms housemasters are usually a professor and his or her spouse. House Manager MIT employees responsible for overseeing the upkeep and condition of each dorm. Among other things, theyre the people you call when you need to get that light in your room replaced or when you want permission to paint your room/loft your bed/build a giant roller-coaster in front of the dorm. RA Residential Assistant. The equivalent of a GRT, but for FSILGs. RLA MIT employees that serve as a valuable resource for a zone of 2-3 dorms, providing a range of services from helping with party registration, serving as a mediator between students and administrators, advising house governments, supporting Housemasters and GRTS, and planning events at dormitories. Living Groups Dorms Baker BC Burton-Conner Bexley EC East Campus MacG MacGregor McC McCormick NH New House 500 Memorial Drive Next House NW35 the New Ashdown community Random Hall SH Senior House (Haus) Sponge Simmons Hall Living Groups Fraternities ADP Alpha Delta Phi AEPi Alpha Epsilon Pi ATO Alpha Tau Omega Beta Beta Theta Pi Chi Phi DKE Delta Kappa Epsilon Delts (DTD) Delta Tau Delta No. 6 Delta Psi DU Delta Upsilon Kappa Sig Kappa Sigma LCA Lambda Chi Alpha ND Nu Delta PBE Phi Beta Epsilon Phi Delts (PDT) Phi Delta Theta Skullhouse (PKS) Phi Kappa Sigma PKT Phi Kappa Theta Phi Sig (PSK) Phi Sigma Kappa Pi Lam Pi Lambda Phi Sigma Chi Sigma Nu SigEp Sigma Phi Epsilon tEp Tau Epsilon Phi OX Theta Chi TDC Theta Delta Chi TXi Theta Xi ZBT Zeta Beta Tau Zeta Psi Living Groups Sororities AXO Alpha Chi Omega AEPhi Alpha Epislon Phi APhi Alpha Phi KAT or Theta Kappa Alpha Theta Pi Phi Pi Beta Phi SK Sigma Kappa Living Groups Independents ET Epsilon Theta Fenway House pika Student House WILG Womens Independent Living Group *** In the interest of full disclosure, I want to mention that some portions of this MITese-English guide are inspired by How To Get Around MIT, the student-produced handbook to the Institute. Often called HowToGAMIT for short, the handbook is distributed to incoming freshmen each year at no charge. (Shameless plug: Class of 2012, you can and should get your copy of How To Get Around MIT this week. Just look for our table on the first floor of the student center. Well be around more or less regularly from 9am-5pm.) Like most other frosh, I received a copy during my Orientation last year and loved it so this summer, I decided to get involved in helping produce the next edition of HowToGAMIT. I ended up volunteering to be HowToGAMITs treasurer as well as editing HowToGAMITs own, much more comprehensive glossary. What are your favorite MIT terms and idioms?

All Advertising Should Be Banned - 1924 Words

All Advertising Should Be Banned A man on the point of death is shown lying on a bed, Aids has taken such a grip on him that he will never return from his state of unconsciousness; is this advertising or exploitation? Another man, half naked, with a Kalashnikov in one hand and a femur bone in the other is used to sell jumpers to the worldwide public; is this again exploitation or just effective advertising? Both of these are, however, effective if a person remembers this company’s name, United Colours of Benetton, but at the same time it can be argued are exploitation. Whether for a good or ghoulish reason the company has used successful advertising. This is a widely debated area: where to†¦show more content†¦This is not to suggest that Benetton were right in their advertising techniques, quite the opposite in fact, the advertisements were clearly morally wrong in these circumstances. To use such an incredibly moving image, the man dying of Aids, in this context- to advertise clothes was insult ing; Benetton refused to comment whether they had asked permission of the family to use the photo. There are many advertisements that are far-fetched and manipulate emotive images for their own purposes; Benetton is not alone in this. Sexist, racist and belittling images are used for commercial purposes. Companies claim that they are appealing to their target audience, but can this stereotyping and conformity really be called advertising? The Land Rover advertisement for their Freelander depicted a bare-breasted Himba women wearing traditional Namibian dress, whose breasts have been pulled sideways by the power of the passing vehicle; the company was forced to retract it. Advertisements like this, which mock other cultures and use racial stereotyping, should be banned. How can society obliterate racism when international car companies use a form of it to sell cars? Advertisements rely on sexism too, the stereotypical housewife image or the degrading blonde bimbo, theyShow MoreRelatedThe Government Should Exercise More Control And Limits On Advertising868 Words   |  4 Pages The government should exercise more control and limits on advertising that is aimed at children. Children are the leaders of the future and the children watch on average two or more hours of television a day. These are children’s most formative years. When children form ideas that prove to be substance of how they will think as adults. There are several reasons why advertising aimed at young children should be banned. Advertisers and marketers influence young children. Children are the futureRead MoreThe Government Should Limit Advertising Aimed At Children876 Words   |  4 PagesThe Government Should Limit Advertising Aimed at Children The government should exercise more control and limits on advertising that is aimed at children. 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The Romantic Movement Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein, And...

Frankenstein: Romanticism The novel, Frankenstein, by Mary Shelley, demonstrates many different romantic ideals such as, the adoration of nature, extreme location, nationalism and exaggeration of emotions. The romantic movement was in response to the reason and logic dominated enlightenment era. Frankenstein, contrary to the enlightenment, demonstrates romanticism through glorifying one’s feelings and straying from the classroom towards nature. Shelley’s ideals paralleled that of: Edmund Burke, Jean Jacques Rousseau, Mary Wollstonecraft, John Locke and the poem, â€Å"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner†, all of which express romantic ideals. Nature is very important to romantics; it is a departure from the enlightened ideals of study and the â€Å"classroom† environment. Dr. Victor Frankenstein shows a great appreciation of nature through diction, especially through Edmund Burke’s idea of the sublime. Burke’s article, On the Sublime, defines sublimity in relation to nature, â€Å"astonishing [...] with a degree of horror†, which is a feeling Dr. Frankenstein frequently describes when he is in nature. In one passage, Frankenstein uses the words, â€Å"troubled†, â€Å"awful majesty†, â€Å"wonderful and stupendous†, â€Å"vast† and â€Å"glittering† (Shelley 101). These words resemble the â€Å"sublime† by combining the beauty of nature and the terror it’s vastness brings, just as Burke illustrates. Shelley also uses imagery. Imagery portrays the beauty that the character’s see in nature to the reader. One instance ofShow MoreRelatedThe Ri me Of The Ancient Mariner878 Words   |  4 PagesThe Rime of the Ancient Mariner is a poem by the English poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Coleridge and his friend, William Wordsworth, put together a collection of their work called Lyrical Ballads. It contained Coleridge’s famous poem Rime of the Ancient Mariner. This collection is widely recognized as the initiation of the shift towards modern poetry and British Romantic literature. Although the poem’s deliberate use of antiquated language differed from romantic poetry’s use of modern languageRead MoreThe Romantic Era Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein871 Words   |  4 PagesThe Romantic era, which originated in the 18th century, was a movement which sought to explore and return to human feelings. It also opposed the enlightenment movement, which sought reason and rationality, due that it found it cold and emotionless. Romanticism became one of the greatest periods of literature, but despite what one may thin k not all of it novels were about love or romance. Indeed, many of their period greatest writings were also about tragedy or drama, like â€Å"the rime of the ancientRead MoreThe Romantic Period Of William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, And Mary Shelley1451 Words   |  6 PagesThe Romantic period was primarily an intellectual movement filled with and moved by art, and literature. The era is seen by many as an outbreak or revolt against the â€Å"norms,† not only that but many see the movement as one of the main reactions to the rationalization of both science and nature as well, the era that some would refer to as the Enlightenment. When thought of or talked about today Romanticism is more commonly associated with liberalism and radicalism. The movement was based on the ideaRead MoreEssay about Romanticism1678 Words   |  7 PagesRomanticism, Romanticism, in a way, was a reaction against rigid Classicism, Rationalism, and Deism of the eighteenth century. Strongest in application between 1800 and 1850, the Romantic Movement differed from country to country and from romanticist to romanticist. Because it emphasized change it was an atmosphere in which events occurred and came to affect not only the way humans thought and expressed them, but also the way they lived socially and politically (Abrams, M.H. Pg. 13). â€Å"Romanticism

Bestbuy Free Essays

The major reason of the failure of running Busty In China is that Chinese customers consider Price as the first priority when purchase. Even though Busty provides the highest services quality. If they do not accept the price first see on the price tag, it is rather or almost difficult for them to pay for it at last. We will write a custom essay sample on Bestbuy or any similar topic only for you Order Now They would treat Busty store as a â€Å"Display Centre†, where the customers come and try the new products, if the price is not acceptable, they will turn out buy it in a local store to look for the cheapest price. For international marketing, one of the major difficulties in running the same business In different entries Is that they have to face the cultural difference. Take the Busty case for Instance. For American, the quality of products or shopping experience Is no doubt the vital elements in operating a successful store. On the other hand, the majority of the local Chinese people are the conservative and the practical consumers, who will firstly focus on the prices rather than anything else. If they find a cheap product, they will want a cheaper one. Bargaining on prices with the sales is one of the strategies in gaining a product with a satisfying price. From the cultural difference, we can include that It Is rather a big challenge to penetrate a local brand name/company into other countries with Just using one concept that Is succeeding In the pioneer country. For a successful international company, like McDonald, Honda, PG, Milliner, etc, they would use different concepts or image to penetrate into the local markets which suit the general value of that operating country, and without contradicting the main value of their company brand name. If I were the manager of Busty store In Shanghai, I would address the problem by using deferent kinds of Pricing Strategies. Some lower priced products can be chosen every month for promotion. For instance, some newly arrived products might be discounted. Advertise them on TV or magazine, with the ads still emphasize the value of good consumer service quality. Issuing coupons for customers or allowing discounts for buying certain amount of products. Membership card could be issued for PIP customers to have regular free gifts or discounts. These prolong strategies might be a way to promote the â€Å"best bur products which they are cheaper products for that will be consider by the local Chinese customers as valuable to purchase. Attachment: Busty shut in China, Why? Busty closed business throughout China. This has to go back to five years ago when the first Busty chain store grand customers an ever buying experience for electronics products. Many trendy products were presented and displayed in a play-n-buy style in a very bright, spacious American style shopping centre located in one of the most commercial area. Then one year later, a branch store opened and in the following years, totally 5 stores opened in Shanghai (if my memory is correct. ) 2010, I have been to Shanghai and went into a Busty store. Things looked a bit different. Shopping mall is smaller with ore packed display and darkened in light maybe saving electricity. 2011, Busty closed business in China. What happened to the most successful chain store in America? In 2005, I recalled at that time Busty first came across China market, wanted to bring American style shopping experience to Shanghai. There was appointed Chinese manager as China CEO. I forgot his name but who was very experienced in retailing in China. He held the idea which to expand quickly in the market by accepting lower quality of the store. However majority of senior management disagree with him, went stick to the concepts which Busty has been succeeded. Therefore the Chinese guy resigned. Later Busty had rough years. As I see Busty failed this time due to following reasons. 1 . Consumers’ buying behavior is hard to be adopted by Busty. I was working in Watson pharmaceutical store. I came across customers walked into the store, played with the goods, and didn’t ask a single question, straight to the stuff, said, â€Å"can it be cheaper†. They know what exactly they are buying, what they concern is the price displayed on the price tag is not the price they want to pay. It is hard for Chinese customers to accept the first price. They always looking for some bargains by oral. Busty has the best shopping experience in town for electronic goods. The customers appreciate for that for sure. They came, they visited, they played, they saw, and they don’t buy. In other word, customer treated Busty as an exhibition centre, where they get to know about the products, and switch to another place to buy from local dealer, who can bargain. 2. Competition is tough. In the last 5 years, Guy Mel, China’s national chain store has been developing very fast in numbers. If you walked into their store, the quality and shopping experience is no comparison to Busty. No question Busty is the best. They are Just too many. They are opening stores without considering the cost. I am not sure the average gross margin of Guy Mel, and amounts apparently is the key. Most of the store has no customers. The cheap Chinese products like mobile phones occupy all the places. The are cheaper for sure, much cheaper. People buy from them. I personally like Busty, I hope they can adjust their strategy and come back. I like quality services and professionals. I prefer Busty to other Chinese dealers. I buy from Busty with confidence other than other local dealers who offer you the price with grounds. However Busty is not everybody choice. How to cite Bestbuy, Papers

Cabaret Essay Example For Students

Cabaret Essay CabaretCabaret provides for its audience an animated and a uniquely exciting dramatization of Berlin, Germany just before the Second World War. The story of many Germans living in an uncertain world is shown through just a few characters. Life is a cabaret, or so the famed song goes. After watching Cabaret, youll agree to an extent, but also realize how unsettling the assertion is. Taking place in the early 1930s, a portrait of life in decadent Berlin, is both uplifting and grim. Not your typical musical, it is comedic and dramatic, realistic, very tasteful, and ultimately thought provoking. An American named Cliff is traveling by train to Berlin Germany and seems to be quite weary and tired. He meets a German man named Ernst who seems to be quite pleasant and yet just a tad mysterious in his ways. By a stroke of luck Ernst offers him a good name and a place to stay. He even invites Cliff to take in the scene and enjoy himself at a Kit Kat club in the heart of Berlin. Cliff being a s omewhat reserved man he is a little reluctant to accept the offerings of his new friend, but realizes he has nowhere else to go, and accepts kindly. Cliff asserts himself as being a struggling writer, along with being an English tutor. Not only struggling financially but creatively. He seems to have lived a sheltered life, even though it being quite evident that he is a well-traveled man. His goal in going to Berlin is to find some inspiration, to find something worth writing about. He is quite distraught with knowing he is stuck in a situation that isnt getting better at all. He finds himself living in a one-room apartment in the home of Heir Schneider, who rents out a few rooms to make ends meet. As Cliff walks into the Kit Kat club he enters the world of promiscuous uninhibited dancers, and people of the like. Men approach him to dance, and women entice him with their charms. He obviously wasnt all that accustomed to this kind of happening, but he didnt shy away from it. The first night he lived this almost unreal experience, he met a woman. Sally was a one of a kind woman of her time, being on her own, making her own living, whether that living be on stage or with a man who suits her interest for a while. As the Wilkommen theme plays in the background, the spirit of the people of Berlin in soon to be nazi Germany, comes alive. Berlin is in a state of extreme change, struggling to overcome their inflation and poverty problems. The people are unsure of their own government and yet outgoing and comfortable in their surroundings. As Sally sang Dont tell Mama it gave an impression of oppression, she wasnt really singing to the people in the club, but to the world, the world she sees. Once Cliff realizes hes agreed to let Sally move in with him, he realizes hes in for a whole new experience. Cliff, who finds himself fitting into her ideals, and Sally imposing herself in her seducing, yet manipulative ways, the two of them found themselves needing each other. Neither of them accustomed to ever really needing someone before find themselves interestingly happy, and content. Sally soon finds herself pregnant leav ing a moral question to the both of them. She also reveals her promisequities of past experiences. Cliff is very uneasy of the idea that she was alright with simply getting rid of their child, and talked her out of it. He wanted the world for her; he fell in love with her. He knew he had responsibilities, and yet didnt want to leave his novel. He thought that giving English lessons would keep him financially strong, but that fantasy was quickly taken away. He knew no one really in Berlin, and well, customers would be hard to find. After sometime, Sally convinced him to go and work with Ernst and his business dealings. He went to Paris to pick up a suitcase and bring back to Berlin, to Ernst. He thought that the suitcase consisted of simple jewelry and stockings. He was sadly mistaken when

How had attack on Pearl Harbor effected the relationship between United States of America and Japan from 1941 until 1950s free essay sample

In my Extended Essay I am talking about the effect of the attack on pearl harbour on the US-Japanese relationship. In the begining of the essay I am talking about the actual attack and the stratagy which was used to achive the Japanese Admirals goals. The Actual attack was only the begining of the whole story , in this case it was a good begining for Japan , but the action which was taken against Japan after the atack was very unfortunate for the Japanese nation. After the attack, in 1945 Japan got occupied by the Allies, mostly by US military forces. All the government was strictly controlled by MacArthur who was the Head of the Administration in the â€Å"Occupation Commity†. US had suplied Japan with food and a finantial aid , military oficers were patroling their areas for safty. There still were war crimes done during the invasion and the attack on the Pearl Harbor. We will write a custom essay sample on How had attack on Pearl Harbor effected the relationship between United States of America and Japan from 1941 until 1950s? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The trials were led by the â€Å"International Tribunal for the Far East† but some people had imunity given to them by MacArthur , those people were the Emperors family members and the members of 731 Unit. The government reforms also took place after the occupation. Word Count: 203 2 Table of Content. Pearl Harbour is was a millitary base in the Hawaiian teretory. On the Base there were 8 battle ships , 8 cruisers, 40 destroyers, 4 submarines, 1 USCG Cutter, 49 other ships, ~390 aircrafts. †( A Monster Company)â€Å"With this strenghts American soldiers had an adventage in the millitary power over Japans local milittary fleet. Japan on their mobile unit had 6 aircraft carriers ,2 battleships, 2 heavy cruisers, 1 light cruiser, 9 destroyers, 8 tankers, 23 fleet submarines, 5 midget submarines, 414aircraft. The attack on Pearl Harbor was intended to neutralize the U. Pacific Fleet, and hence protect Japans advance into Malaya and the Dutch East Indies. In 1920s both countries new that there will be a war between them at some point. †( A Monster Company ) There had plans of attack and deffence pland way before the war had started. The tension had began to grow more seriously when Japan had an invasion in 1931 in to Manchuria. Japan kept on expending into China which led to a war in 1937. () Japan had spent plenty of their resources for making weapons and making gear for soldiers. â€Å"The main point of Japan was to isolate China and win the war in the main land, The â€Å"Southern-Operation† was made to assist the efforts. †( EMBER) â€Å"From December 1937 events such as Japanese attack on USS Panay and Nanking Massacre made the public of the Western Sosiety to turn sharply against Japan and made them fear the uncontrolable expansion of Japan. †(EMBER) United States, United Kingdom and France had to provide loan assistance to Republic of China for geting more war machineries and gears for the soldiers. In 1940 Japan had invaded the French part of China to stop the supplies for reaching to the Chinas battle ground. United States have stoped providing Japan with airlanes, repairment parts, machine tools, and the gasoline for the machinary and the aviation gasoline. (The History) Japan did not like this at all and had encountered this as an unfriendly act. â€Å"Only oil exports have not stoped because U. S. Government in Washington had made an decision that it would be an extreme step, 4 and also they wanted Japan to depend on the U. S. A.   In early 1941 The pacific Fleet was mooved from San Diego to Hawaii, there also was a military buildup in the Philipines to let the Japanese understand that they should not aggress towards U. S. A. But The Japenese military plans were to get the Philipines attacked and under their contol. (The History) In the Philipines there was 40,000 man who were trained in the elite forces. (EMBER) Douglas MacArthur had said that U. S. Needs a force ten times that size, but he was not heard. (EMBER) The Japanese invasion had began. This was the breacking point for the oil export from U. S. to Japan in July 1941. Because of the oil shortage Japan had to invade Dutch East Indies for the great, reach oil territory. On 17 August 1941 Roosevelt had warned Japan that U. S. is ready to take any acttions if they would attack the neighboring countries. Japan had a choice of either withdrawal and loosing some of Chines teretory which they earned during the millitary actions or going â€Å"all-in† and fighting to the end no matter what. Japan Tried to improve relationship with U. S.   And they had writen a proposal which stated that they will stop attacks but keep the Chinese teretory to them selfs, U. S. A. had rejected it. U. S. A. Had proposed for Japan to evacuate the Chinese territory and sign non agression pacts with all th countries which were attacked by them and with pacific powers. (The History) The first plan of the attack on the Pearl Harbour had began to build up very early, in 1941. Admiral Isoroku Yamomoto had made a perfection of the plan and then had taken the commanding on the Japans Combined Fleet. (EMBER) He had moved his plan and sucseeded with its aproval. The full-scale planning had began in spring 1941 by Captain Minoru Genda and Deputy Chief of Staff,Captain Kameto Kurojima. Japanees Admirals had studied the 1940s British air atack on the Italian fleet at Taranto. (EMBER) They made a great use of that while planing an attack on Pearl Harbour. Over the next several months pilots were trained and all the equipment was adapted and made to feet the conditions of the new battle field. 5 All the best technicians were guethered to work on the modification nad the planing of the strategy. Even tho the preperation was going on the attack plan was yet not approved by the Emperor Hirohito until November 5,it only got approven after the third of four conferences. The final authorization by the Emperor was given only on the December 1st. It was finalized by emperor only because of the advises by the japanese leaders. â€Å"By late 1941 many observers were shure that hostilities by the japanse side was imminent. By statistics 52% of americans expected a war between U. S. and Japan, 27% did not expect war and 21% had no oppinion on that. †(EMBER) U. S. Pacific bases were put on allert and multiple times, but the comanders had not expected the attack on pearl harbour to be the firs one on the list. First attack was expected to be on the Philippines bases. This mistake was made because the Japanese fleet was mooving south and U. S. comanders asumed that Japanese Admirals were not capable of doing several major operations at a time. Those mistakes had led to the miscalculations in the area of the attack. The attack had several aims at a time. At first they were supossed to destroy the important American fleet units, to prevent pacific fleet to interfer in their upcoming actions. â€Å"As secondary aim they had to buy time for the Japan to make their position more powerful and increase its naval strenghts before ship building authorized by th 1940 Vinson-Walsh Act erased any chances of Japans victory. †(EyeWitness) And the last aim was to deliver a severe blow to American morale, one of which would discorage Americans from commiting to a war extending into the western Pacific Ocean. As a maximum morale demolishment Japan chose the U. S. s prestige battle ships as the aim because they were the best ships of any navy at the time. The main object was to conquer the Southeast Asia without any interference from the side. Striking the Pacific Fleet in Pearl Harbour had two main disadventages which were that the water in the harbour was shallow and that it was easier to repair the ships, as well as the most of the fleets crews would be on the shore or even be evacuated to the shure which ment that not as many soldiers would be 6 killed. â€Å"A great disadventage was as well the timing of the attack, as it was known to Japanese that all three U. S. Pacific Fleets aircraft carriers, Enterprice, Lexington, and Saratoga, were absent from the Pearl Harbour. Ironically, the major plan was to destroy as much ships as posible, and they were upsest with it. Ironically, the major plan was to destroy as much ships as posible, and they were upsest with it, despiting this Yamamoto decided to press ahead. Japanese confidence was so high that their short† war would make a gigant influence on U. S. that they didnt even consider other targets such as the submarine base, oil tank farms, and especially navy yard, they thought that it could be safly ignored, since the war would be over before the influence of these facilities would be felt. This was their perspective of action on the battle field. â€Å"On November 26, 1941 Japanese task force of six aircraft carriers Akagi, Kaga, Soryu, Hiryu, Shokaku, and Zuikaku had departed northern japan to their position in northwest of Hawaii to launch the aircrafts for the attack on Pearl Harbour. †( Anderson)â€Å"They had 408 aircrafts on board. 360 aircrafts were planed to be sent to the atack , 48 were ment to stay for the defencive combat air patrol. The first wave was to be the main attack, when the second wave was to finish what ever was left after the first wave. 1st Group (targets: battleships and aircraft carriers) 50 Nakajima B5N Kate bombers armed with 800 kg (1760 lb) armor piercing bombs, organized in four sections 40 B5N bombers armed with Type 91 torpedoes, also in four sections 2nd Group – (targets: Ford Island and Wheeler Field) 54 Aichi D3A Val dive bombers armed with 550 lb (249 kg) general purpose bombs 3rd Group – (targets: aircraft at Ford Island, Hickam Field, Wheeler Field, Barbers Point, Kaneohe) 7 45 Mitsubishi A6M Zeke fighters for air control. †(Encyclopedia) ? He first wave carried most of the weapons to attack the bigest ships, mainly specially adapted Type 91 aerial torpedoes which were designed with an anti-roll mechanism and a rudder extention.? Encyclopedia )The Pilots were ordered to hit the high value targets first such as battle ships and aircraft carriers or, if these were not present, any other high value ships. Dive bombers were to attack ground targets. Fighters were ordered to destro as many aircrafts ,which were parked, as possible to ensure they did not get into air and attack the bombers in the first wave. When the fighters fuel was low they had to return to the carriers, refill and then get back to the battle ground. The Attack took place before any formal declaration of war, but this was not Admiral Yamamotos choice. He wanted to start the attack 30 minutes after the Japan would tell the U. S. A. about the war. The Japanese were trieing to uphold the convention of the war while still making it a surprise, but the attack began before the declaration of war. Tokyo had transmited the 5,000-word notification in two blocks to the Japanese Embassy in Washington, but transcribing the message took long for Japanese embassador to deliver it in time. The second attack:1st Group 54 B5Ns armed with 550 lb (249 kg) and 132 lb (60 kg) general purpose bombs 27 B5Ns – aircraft and hangars on Kaneohe, Ford Island, and Barbers Point 27 B5Ns – hangars and aircraft on Hickam Field 2nd Group (targets: aircraft carriers and cruisers) 81 D3As armed with 550 lb (249 kg) general purpose bombs, in four sections 3rd Group – (targets: aircraft at Ford Island, Hickam Field, Wheeler Field, Barbers Point, Kaneohe) 36 A6Ms for defense and strafing† (Encyclopedia) â€Å"Ninety minutes after the attack has began it has come to an end. Americans died including 48-68 civilians, a further 1,139 wounded. Eighteen ships were sunk including five battle ships. † (Anderson) 8 The Aftermath â€Å"15 Medals of Honor, 51 Navy Crosses, 53 Silver Stars, four Navy and Marine Corps Medals, one Distinguished Flying Cross, four Distinguished Service Crosses, one Distinguished Service Medal, and three Bronze Star Medals were awarded to the American servicemen. †( Stoddard ) The day after the attaack, Roosevelt delivered his famous Infamy Speech to a Joint Session of Congress, calling for a formal declaration of war with the Empire of Japan. U. S. A. declared war hour later. Germany and Itally had declared a war against U. S. A. due to the tripartile pact. The Tripartile Pact was an earlier agreement between Germany Itally and Japan which was ment to limit the U. S. s intervention in any conflict involving the three nations. The war against Germany and Itally was declared that same day. â€Å"Britain had declared a war on Japan 9 hours earlier than U. S. A. did, partially because of the attack on Malaya, Singapore and Hong Kong. Winston Churchill promised to declare war as soon as posible after the Japanese attack on United States. Admiral Hara Tadaichi summed up the Japanese result by saying, We won a great tactical victory at Pearl Harbor and thereby lost the war. † (Burbeck )By those words he made a really good conclusion of their attack on U. S. A. Fortunatly for United States Fleet aircraft carriers were untouched, otherwise the Pacific Fleets ability to conduct offencive operation would be unreall for a year or more. A major flaw of Japanese strategic thinking was a belief that the ultimate Pacific battle would be fought by battleships, in keeping with the doctrine of Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan. As a result, Yamamoto acounted battleships for a decisive battle that never happened. 9 The Occupation The relationship between U. S. A. and Japan was horrible. U. S. was really surprised by the attack , even though they were waiting for it. With in the first year after the attack on the Pearl Harbor, U. S. was really strict and was really aggressive towards Japan. † In 1945 Allies occupied Japan , the occupation was led by U. S. A. Not as a revenge for the attack that Japaniese had performed on the pearl harbor, but to keep the agressor , Japan, calm and that it could not produce any harm to U. S. And allies. Japan had surrendered to the Allies on August 14 1945. †( Smitha) On the same day Emperor Hirohito announced that Japan had surrendered ,to the allies, on the radio. This announcment was first ever radio broadcast and the first most of the citizens of Japan had heard his voice. â€Å"Mac Arthur arrived in tokyo on 30 of August and immediatly relised laws; No Allied personel were to assault Japanese people. No allied personel were to eat the scarce Japanese food. The â€Å"Rising Sun† flag was strongly restricted. On September 2 Japan had formally surendered by signing the Japanese Instrument of Surrender. On the 6 of the same month U. S. President Truman approved all the documentation , and had realesed a document which was called â€Å"US Initial Post-Surrender Policy for Japan†. †( Smitha) â€Å"The main principle of this document was to set two main objectives , which are 1. Eliminate the war potential of Japan, 2. Turn Japan in to a western like nation with a pro-American orientation. †( Smitha) Allied forces , mostly Americans, were imported in to the country to look after the recovering nation , and keep the peace and the safety of the people. MacArthur was the head of the Occupation administration and his firs priority was to set up a food distribution network in Japan. Even with the measures that US did millions of people were still sturving several years after the surender. â€Å"As Kawai Kazuo said : â€Å"Democracy can not be taught to a starving people. † (Stolley)†Aid which was sent in to Japan was US$ 92 million in loans. By the end of 1945 ore than 350,000 U. S. Personel were located on Japans grounds. †(Stolley) â€Å"By June 1950 all of the army units had suffered extensive troop reduction, and 10 Their effectivness was weakened sereously. When North Korea got in to a war with South Korea, elements of the 24 were sent to South Korea to try to stop the massive invasion of the Norths forces. â€Å"( Smitha) The Impacts of Occupation Purging of war criminals. While the other reforms took place, different military tribunals also took place. The â€Å"International Tribunal for the Far East† were trying Japans war criminals and giving a death sentence or an imprisonment. However, many suspects ssuch as Tsuji Masanobu, Yoshio Kodam and Ryoichi Sasakawa were not judged at all. All the Emperial family and the members of Unit 731 including the director Dr. Shiro Ishii got an immunity from being trialed for the war crimes by the General MacArthur. (The History) Politics â€Å"Japanese had retained their nativ government throughout the occupation. The Japanese government authorities were strictly limited at first. Senior figures in the government like Prime Minister effectively served at the pleasure of the occupation authorities befor the firs post-war election. The first post-war ellection was held in 1946 and the Liberal Partys vice presedent Yoshida Shigeru became the prime minister of Japan. In the 1947 elections, anti- Yoshida forces lef the Liberal Party and established Japan Democratic Party. After a short period of time of administration , Yoshida returned to the prime ministers chair in 1948 until 1954. †( Osprey ) Conclusion By the information that was represented above it comes out that the Attack of Pearl Harbour was well planed and was a major strategic move for the Japanies military forces. It is also represents how unexpected the attack was and how well the operation was thought through out a short period of time. It was a big hit on the USAs military forces and made them look weaker in the â€Å"worlds eyes†. At the time the tecnology US forces used wasnt perfect, that also played a role in the 11 combat. The theory in which people tell that US generals knew about the attack was confirmed, but the issue is that the generals didnt know the exact location where would the Japanes strike. They had couple of location which could be attacked by. Pearl Harbour was not really the location that they though would be attacked. This unexpected attack was horible for US because no one was ready to deffend the harbour and most people were relaxing, sleeping, and on the shore , not on the battleships. By concluding the attack, it can be clearly seen that Japans forces specialy made the attack in the time when no one had expected it , by doing that they had tha adventage even though they had less troops and lees vehicles than US in the Pearl Harbour.

Sacco and Vanzetti essays

Sacco and Vanzetti essays The case of Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti was not about the justice system blaming them for murdering two people, but rather how the justice system murdered two people and got away with it. Throughout the trial the public withdrew from their anti-radical thinking to more of a sympathetic understanding of another human being, no matter their beliefs. World-wide interest was quickly turned to the ill-fated Sacco and Vanzetti. While the judge and prosecution had already delivered the verdict in their minds, Sacco and Vanzetti proclaimed and defended their Before the crime ever took place Sacco worked at the Milford Shoe Factory as an edge trimmer. Sacco was a hard worker; who supported his wife, Rosa, and his son, Dante. Vanzetti worked as a fish peddler. In May 1917, both left their jos to go to Mexico and avoid the draft. Both Sacco and Vanzetti had the same views which were considered radical at the time; therefore they did not advertise them. Understandably, they feared for their safety as well as their friends and families who shared the same ideals (Feuerlicht 11). Although some had suspected that they were of radical ideology, it was not publicaly announced. Having avoided the draft, Sacco and Vanzetti returned from Mexico. Upon their return, organizations and federal agents started to On April 15, 1920 there was a payroll robbery of the Slater Two men were killed and $15,773. 59 missing. These crimes happened in South Braintree Massachusetts and became known as the Braintree Crimes. There were two people that attacked and killed the payroll employees, then grabbed the money and took off in the escape car. The escape car was described as a black Buick with other partners inside. Eyewitnesses claimed that two of the criminals looked Italian (Altman 70). Crimes like this had been common at the time and had only sparked local interest (DAttil...

Preexisting Duty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Preexisting Duty - Essay Example Likewise, if a party is already bound by contract to perform a certain duty, that duty cannot serve as consideration for a second contract. However, if, during performance of a contract, extraordinary difficulties arise that were totally unforeseen at the time the contract was formed, a court may allow an exception to the rule. In this case, Jones and DR entered the initial contract which Jones need to build a DR Drug Store for DR. The contract is valid since it had met the four requirements. However, in the second contract, which is a modification of the initial contract, the legally sufficient consideration was missing. What Jones promise to do in the second contract was to build the DR Drug Store, which they already have legal duty to do in the initial contract. Due to the preexisting duty rule, the second contract was not enforceable. Moreover, the accident that happened to Jones was not an unforeseen difficulty. Although the reason for the collapse of the trusses was not due to faults or deficiencies in the building plan prepared by Jones, as a construction company, they should have anticipated for unforeseen events or included clauses in their first contract such as the liquidated damages clause. Thus, Jones cannot argue about this

An outline marketing plan for the next year for Atlantic Quench 306 Essay - 1

An outline marketing plan for the next year for Atlantic Quench 306 - Essay Example The marketing plan for the concerned firm focuses on developing a new product for entering the mass consumer market and providing the consumers a cheaper alternative against highly priced pure juices. With an aim to sell 250000 units of 250 ml tetra packs of the new product, Atlantic Quench will begin by streamlining the functional aspects of the company to reduce their cost. The product introduction is developed with differentiation focus and the control of the marketing activities will focus on cost leadership. Based on this, the price skimming has been selected as the pricing strategy. The budget developed also reflects the estimated earnings and expenses for the new product segment of Atlantic Quench in the next year. With appropriate market presence and brand development activities for creating consumer awareness, Atlantic Quench can enter the global market of juice and nectar segment. Atlantic Quench operates in the fruit industry mainly in its home market i.e. US and is a co-operative business process. Established in the year 1934, the co-operative has become one of the most famous brands in agricultural product market with their extensive and highly demanded product base (Case study). Jointly owned by 630 cranberry and 46 grape fruit farmers, the production channel of the company is also steady and growing. As the co-operative saw the demand of their products growing in the market, they entered the retail sector with bottled fruit juices. However, the primary concern of the business is related to control its growth in an organized manner and also ensure a good relationship with the farmers. In order to overcome the financial crunch, Atlantic Quench CEO Chuck Berry decided to develop the brand of the company by converting into a full-fledged business houses. Atlantic Quench is also developing alliances with big multinationals such as soft drinks giant Coca-Cola

Principles of Liability in Negligence in Business Activities

Principles of Liability in Negligence in Business Activities Aspects of Contract and Negligence for Business Ingrida Miseviciute Table of Contents Task 1 (AC3.1)1 Task 2 (AC3.2)2 Task 3 (AC3.3)3 Task 4 (AC4.1)4 Task 5 (AC4.2)5 References6 LO 3 Understand principles of liability in negligence in business activities Task 1 (AC 3.1) Liability in Tort Contractual liability Definition: A tort is a legal term describing a violation where one person causes damage, injury, or harm to another person. The violation may result from intentional actions, a breach of duty as in negligence, or due to a violation of statutes. Explanation: The party that commits the tort is called the tortfeasor. A tortfeasor incurs tort liability, meaning that they will have to reimburse the victim for the harm that they caused them. In other words, the tortfeasor who is found to be â€Å"liable† or responsible for a person’s injuries will likely be required to pay damages. Damages: Under most tort laws, the injury suffered by the plaintiff does not have to actually be physical. A tortfeasor may be required to pay damages for other types of harm, including emotional distress or a violation of personal rights. Types: Joint Liability Vicarious Liability Liability to/for Third Parties Plaintiff/victim Liability Strict Liability Parent Liability. Definition: Contractual liabilityis defined as liability that does not arise by way of negligence, but by assumption under contract or agreement. Explanation: A contract is a legal binding agreement between two or more persons. When you sign, or agree to the terms of a contract, then you have accepted the contractual liabilities set forth in the document. Damages: Liabilities are things that you can be held accountable for, and may have to repay or replace, in the event that they occur. For example, a renter’sagreement may state that, If upon moving out of the premises stated in the contract, any part of the premises is destroyed, you may be accountable for and have to pay to repair, or replace the damage. Types: Contractual liability can take many forms, but is basically holds you accountable for damages that are stated in the contract. For example, Commercial contracts, domestic contracts and so forth. Task 2 (AC3.2) Negligence is a failure to use reasonable care that results in harm to another party. There are four important elements to a negligence lawsuit that must be proven: The defendant owed a duty, either to the plaintiff or to the general public The defendant violated that duty The defendants violation of the duty resulted in harm to the plaintiff The plaintiffs injury was foreseeable by a reasonable person. Donohughe V Stevenson (1932) This famous case established the civil law tort of negligence and obliged manufacturers to have a duty of care towards their customers. The events of the complaint took place in Scotland in 1928, when Ms May Donoghue was given a bottle of ginger beer, purchased by a friend. The bottle was later discovered to contain a decomposing snail. Since the bottle was not of clear glass, Donoghue was not aware of the snail until she had consumed most of its contents. She later fell ill and was diagnosed with gastroenteritis by a doctor. Donoghue subsequently took legal action against the manufacturer of the ginger beer, Stevenson. She lodged a writ in the Court of Sessions (Scotland’s highest civil court) seeking  £500 damages. Because her friend had purchased the drink, Donoghue could not sue on the basis that a contract had been breached; her lawyers instead had to claim that Stevenson had a duty of care to his consumers and that he had caused injury through negligence – an area of civil law that was largely untested at that time. Stevenson’s lawyers challenged the action on the basis that no precedents existed for such a claim. However Donoghue was later granted leave to appeal to the House of Lords, which then had the judicial authority to hear appellate cases. The leading judgement, delivered by Lord Atkin in 1932, established that Stevenson should be responsible for the well-being of individuals who consume his products, given that they could not be inspected. The case was returned to the original court; Stevenson died before the case was finalised and Donoghue was awarded a reduced amount of damages from his estate. This case established several legal principles: Firstly, that negligence is a distinct tort. A plaintiff can take civil action against a respondent, if the respondent’s negligence causes the plaintiff injury or loss of property. Previously the plaintiff had to demonstrate some contractual arrangement for negligence to be proven, such as the sale of an item or an agreement to provide a service. Since Donoghue had not purchased the drink, she could prove no contractual arrangement with Stevenson – yet Atkin’s judgement established that Stevenson was still responsible for the integrity of his product. Secondly, manufacturers have a duty of care to consumers. According to Lord Atkin’s ratio decendi, â€Å"a manufacturer of products, which he sells †¦ to reach the ultimate consumer in the form in which they left him †¦ owes a duty to the consumer to take reasonable care†. This precedent has evolved and expanded to form the basis of laws that protect consumers from contaminated or faulty goods. Thirdly, Lord Atkin’s controversial ‘neighbour principle’. Here Atkin raised the question of which people may be directly affected by our actions, our conduct or things we manufacture. â€Å"You must take reasonable care to avoid acts or omissions which you can reasonably foresee would be likely to injure your neighbour. Who, then, in law, is my neighbour? The answer seems to be: persons who are so closely and directly affected by my act that I ought to have them in [mind] when I am I am [considering these] acts or omissions.† Task 3 (AC3.3) Vicarious liability is a situation in which one party is held partly responsible for the unlawful actions of a third party. The third party also carries his or her own share of the liability. Vicarious liability can arise in situations where one party is supposed to be responsible for (and have control over) a third party, and is negligent in carrying out that responsibility and exercising that control. If an employee injures someone in the course of their employment, the employer may be subject to vicarious liability. This simply means that the injured person may be able to win compensation for the harm from the employer, rather than the employee. This is not to say, though, that the employee can always count on getting away scot-free. Even if there is vicarious liability, the injured person does not necessarily give up any right he may have to pursue the employee individually. If, for some reason, the injured person is unable to get full compensation from the employer, then he might seek to recover the balance from the employee. In addition, the employer may well seek reimbursement for any amount paid to the injured person (although in practice this rarely occurs). Generally, employers dispute vicarious liability claims on the following grounds: The person who caused the harm was not an employee, but an independent contractor or other non-employee worker; The employee did not harm the injured person in the course of the employees employment. An illustration of the test is provided by two contrasting cases, [Limpus v London General Omnibus Company] and [Beard v London General Omnibus Company], both involving road collisions. In the former, a driver pulled in front of another rival omnibus, in order to obstruct it. Despite express prohibitions from the employer, they were found liable; this was merely an unauthorised mode of the employee carrying out his duties (driving), not an entirely new activity. By contrast, in the latter case, London General Omnibus Company were not liable where a conductor (employed to collect fares on board the bus) negligently chose to drive the vehicle instead; this was completely outside of his duties. LO 4 Be able to apply principles of liability in negligence in business situations Task 4.1(AC4.1) A tort, in common law jurisdictions, is a civil wrong which unfairly causes someone else to suffer loss or harm resulting in legal liability for the person who commits the act. Although crimes may be torts, the cause of legal action is not necessarily a crime, as the harm may be due to negligence which does not amount to criminal negligence. The victim of the harm can recover their loss as damages in a lawsuit. In order to prevail, the plaintiff in the lawsuit must show that the actions or lack of action was the legally recognizable cause of the harm. The equivalent of tort in civil law jurisdictions is delict. Tort law is different from criminal law in that: (1) torts may result from negligent but not intentional or criminal actions and (2) tort lawsuits have a lower burden of proof such as preponderance of evidence rather than beyond a reasonable doubt. Sometimes a plaintiff may prevail in a tort case even if the person who caused the harm was acquitted in an earlier criminal trial. For example, O.J. Simpson was acquitted in criminal court and later found liable for the tort of wrongful death. Torts may be categorized in several ways, with a particularly common division between negligent and intentional torts. The standard action in tort is negligence. Negligence is a tort which arises from the breach of the duty of care owed by one person to another from the perspective of a reasonable person. The majority determined that the definition of negligence can be divided into four component parts that the plaintiff must prove to establish negligence. The elements in determining the liability for negligence are: The plaintiff was owed a duty of care through a special relationship (e.g. doctor-patient) or some other principle. There was a dereliction or breach of that duty. The tortfeasor directly caused the injury [but for the defendants actions, the plaintiff would not have suffered an injury]. The plaintiff suffered damage as a result of that breach. The damage was not too remote; there was proximate cause to show the breach caused the damage. Elements of Negligence Proximate cause Proximate cause means that you must be able to show that the harm was caused by the tort you are suing for. The defence may argue that there was a prior cause or a superseding intervening cause. A common situation where a prior cause becomes an issue is the personal injury car accident, where the person re-injures an old injury. Duty of care It arises when one party creates a scenario that has the potential to harm the other party. Duty focuses on relationship between the two parties: The test whether the defendant owes a duty of care to plaintiff includes: Would a reasonable person have foreseen that the actions would have caused harm to the plaintiff? Reasonable person represents an objective standard. Breach of duty Breach of duty occurs when a â€Å"reasonable person† is not exercising the degree of care that would have expected from him/her in that situation. Reasonable person is an average person. It does not require perfection, but takes into account that an average person does not foresee every risk. The average person is not assumed to be flawless, but ordinarily careful and prudent. Actual Harm Actual harm could be in the form of physical or emotional injuries, property damages or financial loss. The main remedy against tortious loss is compensation in damages or money. According to the scenario, Chris was in an internet cafe. He got up to purchase a coffee and was slipped on some water that was on the floor and broke his arm. This depends upon the intention of Chris. If Chris slipped intentionally and did foresee this accident, then the cafe’ will not be responsible for the damages caused. If this is not the case, then the elements of negligence need to be applied to see if Chris can claim the damages. Negligence is important aspect to look at, means that the defendant (the cafe’) failed to act in a reasonable manner under the circumstances. For example, it is reasonable to expect that the cafe’ placed a warning signs in recently mopped areas or wet surface. If this is not done, then it means that the cafe’ did not fulfil the duty of care. Chris can claim damages as a result of it as he slipped and broke his arm. There are various implications on the scenario in terms of duty of care, negligence (intentional or otherwise) and it is up to the court to decide the outcome. Task 5 (AC4.2) Two clear elements must be established in order to establish a vicarious liability: Was the tortfeasor the defendant’s employee; and Was the tortfeasor acting in the course of his or her employment at the time the tort was committed. The existence of a relationship of employer and employee Many tests have been suggested for distinguishing between a contract of service and a contract for services. These include: Control test Ready Mix Concrete Ltd v Minister of Pensions and National Insurance (1968) Integration test – Stevenson Jordan Harrison Ltd v MacDonald Evans (1952) Organisation Test – Albrighton v Royal Prince Alfred Hopital (1980) â€Å"The ultimate question will always be whether a person is acting as the servant of another or on his own behalf and the answer to that question may be indicated in ways which are not always the same and which do not always have the same significance†. Conclusion as to whether defendant is an employer or contractor. If the defendant is an independent contractor the employer can’t be vicariously liable for the acts of that contractor. The employer will only be liable (as a primary liability) if the employer’s tortious duty is, in law, non-delegable: Kondis v STA; Burnie Port Authority v General Jones Pty Ltd. Was the employee acting within the course of employment? General rule is that whilst acting in the course of employment the employer is not vicariously liable for independent wrongful acts of employees (Bugge Brown). In determining the scope of the employment relationship the actions of the employee must be reasonably incidental to employment i.e. the employer is not vicariously liable if the employee is on a frolic of their own (Joel v Morison). (Situations to consider the necessary authorities) Wrongful mode of completing authorised act – employer vicariously liable (Bugge Brown) Express prohibition by employer not necessarily a defence if the employee’s act was still a mode of doing what he employee was employed to do – employer vicariously liable (Century Insurance Company v Northern Island Road Transport). Acting outside scope of employment relationship – employer not vicariously liable (Koorang Investments v Richardson). Driving cases For example, there are a number of truck driving cases where the court has had to decide whether the driver was acting within the course of his employment when driving the vehicle outside a designated route. Essentially, the pattern seems to be that if the drivers job is to get from Point A to Point B, and his detour from the designated route was simply another way of getting to Point B, then he is acting within the course of his employment. On the other hand, if the driver takes a detour for some other, non-business purpose (such as picking up a girlfriend and taking her shopping) then he would likely be regarded as acting outside the course of his employment. According to the scenario, Trevor is a driver who drives a lorry for a Haulage firm. He delivers deliveries for the company which suggests that he is an employee of the firm. Whilst at work, he detours the lorry and meets his girl friend. This is a non business purpose which means he is acting outside the scope of his duties. As he leaves his girlfriend’s house to continue deliveries, he negligently crashes into a car park. As stated above, two conditions must be met in order to establish a vicarious liability: was the tortfeasor the defendant’s employee; and Was the tortfeasor acting in the course of his or her employment at the time the tort was committed. In this case, the tortfeasor was Chris and the defendant is the Haulage firm. Chris was an employee and also he was acting in the course of his employment to meet his girlfriend and later on crashes his lorry. The vicarious liability is established and hence Chris is liable and not the haulage firm. References Tort Liability (2014). Available: http://www.legalmatch.com/law-library/article/tort-law-liability.html. [Last accessed 10 March, 2014] Donoghue V Stevenson (1932). Available: http://lawgovpol.com/case-study-donoghue-v-stevenson-1932/. [Last accessed 12 March, 2014]. Negligence (2014). Available: http://www.lawyersandsettlements.com/lawsuit/negligence.html?opt=cutm_expid=36075225.Uj6X3hD9S1KR79nt0Iy0tA.1utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.co.uk%2F#.UySBAj9_sSM. [Last accessed 12 March, 2014] Accidents and injuries (2014). Available: http://www.findlaw.co.uk/law/accidents_and_injuries/accident_claims/500045.html. [Last accessed 13 March, 2014] Vicarious Liability (2014). Available: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicarious_liability_in_English_law. [Last accessed 13 March, 2014] Breach of duty (2014). Available: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breach_of_duty_in_English_law. [Last accessed 14 March, 2014] Tort (2014). Available: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tort. [Last accessed 14 March, 2014] Eustace, D, (2007) Negligent Misstatement – Dillon Eustace. Keenan, D., and Smith, K., (2006) Law for Business (13th Edition) Pearson Education Limited. McKendrick, E. Contract Law (2000). fourth edition. McMillan. Basington. Poole, J. Casebook on Contract Law (2001). 5th edition. London. Vickneswaren, K., (1997) Obligations: Contract Law (1st Edition) Old Bailey Press: London.

Wal-Mart Resources

Unit 2 Assignment 1 Introduction Wal-Mart uses a tremendous amount of information resources to build their marketing decision support systems and customer relationship management environment. Wal-Mar’s main objective is to provide their customers with the best value they can find anywhere while providing friendly and efficient customer service. Its strategies are based on reducing costs to quality products so they are able to achieve â€Å"everyday low prices† (Walmart. om, 2013). Wal-Mart has to be able to monitor and analyze all the processes and information possible in order for them to attain a competitive price advantage, lure in new customers, and retain faithful and loyal current customers. Information technology is essential today in helping companies to achieve these goals and Wal-Mart utilizes a great deal of the available information through systems and operations that the retail business encompasses (Walmart. om, 2013). Listed in this paper are the many ways Wal-Mart enlists its information from customers and how it is used by marketing managers to help make marketing decisions and enrich its customer relationship management environment. Information Collected Collected By Wal-Mart Wal-Mart collects information from its customers in a number of ways through the customer’s interaction, whether by in-store activity or website activity.Wal-Mart discloses that it gathers information on customers whenever they create an account on one of their websites, make an online or in-store purchase, use a gift registry, create a mobile shopping list, or submit personal information to Wal-Mart along with any related content of the communication. In addition, they also collect information whenever the customer conducts a transaction where Wal-Mart collects information as required by law.This could include hunting and fishing licenses, request customer service, contact Wal-Mart, submit a Wal-Mart related testimonial, review, story, rating, or any other user-generated content that may be generated on the website, or participate in a contest, sweepstake, promotion, or survey (Wal-Mart. com, 2013). Collected By Other Sources Wal-Mart may receive personal information from other entities that can help the correct or supplement their records, improve the quality or personalization of their services, and help prevent or defer fraud.They may also collect information from consumer reporting agencies or other service providers if you attain certain other financial products (Wal-Mart. com, 2013). Automated Information Collection Wal-Mart also gathers technical information such as the customer’s internet protocol address, device operating system and browser type, the address of a referring website, and the path the customer takes through the Wal-Mart website.Wal-Mart uses â€Å"cookies† to recognize you as you use or return to their website. Wal-Mart also uses web beacons that allows them to know if a certain page was visi ted, an email was opened, or if ad banners on their website and other websites were effective (Wal-Mart. com, 2013). Marketing Information Used Wal-Mart uses information for different purposes but for this paper we will discuss how they use information for marketing purposes. Fill requests for products and services and communicate with the customer about those requests * Administer surveys, sweepstakes, contests, and promotions * Provide customer service * Help improve and customize their service offerings, websites, and advertising * Send information about products, services, and promotions Information Systems Point of Service/Sale System Wal-Mart uses SUSE @ Linux Enterprise Point of Service/Sale system that is supplied by the Novell group vendor (Information, 2007).This system is made up of three primary components: Administration Server, Branch Server, and Point of Service Client Images. The SUSE Linux Enterprise Point of Service Administration runs Wal-Mart’s main office in Bentonville, Arkansas. It records sales from all the stores but also contains a database of goods sold through other sales outlets such as Wal-Mart online shopping. This data also comprises of information like the number of items bought by a user and similar products purchased along with other online statistics.The Branch Server boots the Point of Service clients from the local network, registers new client devices at the website, distributes operating system updates to the client devices, and also stores the sales information as a backup in real time simultaneously as the Administration Server. The Point of Service Client is the indirect interaction between customers when they make any purchases at Wal-Mart. These devices process and record purchases and allows real time coverage of sales and inventory information for all sales.Having this type of information gives marketing managers the tools necessary to make informed decisions about what promotions to run and on what product s in real time. Retail Link Retail Link was developed in 1992 by Wal-Mart’s very own Information Technology Department (Hays, 2004). Using this software Wal-Mart can look at the take up rate for sale items, changes in the number of customer purchases, and the amount the average customer spends during a promotion. Marketing managers will know what products were being bought and what items that the customer may have added on during that purchase.Having that information may give the marketing department the idea to do a promotion with those two items paired up together. Retail Link software can also display to vendors various key information such as the repurchase cycle time of the product, purchase quantity per basket, and provide information such as sales history and sales performance. This allows vendors and Wal-Mart’s marketing managers the ability to simulate what-if situations that can help them make more informed marketing decisions (Hays, 2004).The information gat hered in these systems give marketing managers the intelligence needed to figure out which marketing initiatives have worked in the past, are currently working, or may work in the future in order to prevent wastage of money from ineffective promotions. Wal-Mart uses these systems in order to provide customer satisfaction, everyday low pricing, and to enhance the shopper’s experience (Walmart. com, 2013). Conclusion Wal-Mart collects information on its customers numerous ways. Some sources are transactions, customer service operations, surveys, and website registrations just to name a few.They could, however, come from other sources such as outside companies that help Wal-Mart update its records. Wal-Mart wants to communicate to its customers for feedback through email newsletters, special offers, and new product announcements. Wal-Mart also participates in interest-based advertising, which means the customer may see advertising on its website tailored to how the customer brow ses or shops. This type of information is essential today in accomplishing the goals Wal-Mart has of everyday low pricing and its customer first approach. References Hays, C. L. (2004, November 14). What Wal-Mart Knows About Customers' Habits.Retrieved from NY Times: http://www. nytimes. com/2004/11/14/business/yourmoney/14wal. html? oref=login;oref=login Information, W. (2007, January 24). Wal-Mart Taps Microsoft, Novell For Linux Deployment. Retrieved from Information Week: http://business. highbeam. com/137376/article-1G1-158268344/walmart-taps-microsoft-novell-linux-deployment-walmart Walmart. com. (2013). Annual Reports. Retrieved February 11, 2013, from Walmart. com: http://stock. walmart. com/annual-reports Wal-Mart. com. (2013, March 3). Privacy Policy. Retrieved March 3, 2013, from Wal-Mart. com: http://corporate. walmart. com/privacy-security/walmart-privacy-policy